Las etapas del crecimiento en Francia
Éste no es el lugar para exponer una teoría o más modestamente un análisis del crecimiento. En cualquier caso, hay …
Industrialización y crecimiento de los Estados Unidos
Desde principios de este siglo la economía americana es la primera del mundo, tanto por el volumen de su producción …
Unfavorable factors for development
Despite the uncertainty inherent in growth statistics, it is beyond doubt that between 1815 and 1914 both total and per capita real income grew more slowly in France than in other industrial countries (England, the United Sta…
The delay of France in industrial development
Two categories of factors influenced the development of the French economy between the late eighteenth and late nineteenth centuries: some favorable, others unfavorable. The latter appear to have outweighed the former.
The beginnings of Industrialization
It is not easy to precisely identify the stages of industrialization in France. While authors who have studied English development unanimously place the “industrial revolution” at the end of the eighteenth century, which was …
The Iron and Steel Industry
The development of the iron industry was largely influenced by techniques imported from Great Britain. In this sector, we again find the joint participation of the French state and British technicians.
The development of transportation
In terms of communication routes, England in the eighteenth century lagged behind certain European countries, among them France. The Duke of Bridgewater, who between 1759 and 1761 built the first canal—the Worsley Canal—had v…
Agricultural development
General trends
Unlike England, France did not experience the “enclosure revolution” and did not benefit from a significant increase …
Technical progress in agriculture
Observing what happened inside the enclosures makes it possible to measure the advances experienced in production methods. The social cost of the operation was borne by the humblest classes, but the concentration of rural pro…
The development of agriculture and the industrial revolution
There would have been no Industrial Revolution in England without the “agricultural revolution” that preceded it. “By the time large-scale industry appeared, modern agriculture was already established. All that remained was t…